测试Rails应用程序

$ ls -F test
application_system_test_case.rb  controllers/                     helpers/                         mailers/                         system/
channels/                        fixtures/                        integration/                     models/                          test_helper.rb

$ bin/rails generate model article title:string body:text
...
create  app/models/article.rb
create  test/models/article_test.rb
create  test/fixtures/articles.yml
...

require "test_helper"

class ArticleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  # test "the truth" do
  #   assert true
  # end
end

require "test_helper"

class ArticleTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase

test "the truth" do
  assert true
end

assert true

test "should not save article without title" do
  article = Article.new
  assert_not article.save
end

$ bin/rails test test/models/article_test.rb:6
Run options: --seed 44656

# Running:

F

Failure:
ArticleTest#test_should_not_save_article_without_title [/path/to/blog/test/models/article_test.rb:6]:
Expected true to be nil or false


bin/rails test test/models/article_test.rb:6



Finished in 0.023918s, 41.8090 runs/s, 41.8090 assertions/s.

1 runs, 1 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips

test "should not save article without title" do
  article = Article.new
  assert_not article.save, "Saved the article without a title"
end

Failure:
ArticleTest#test_should_not_save_article_without_title [/path/to/blog/test/models/article_test.rb:6]:
Saved the article without a title

class Article < ApplicationRecord
  validates :title, presence: true
end

$ bin/rails test test/models/article_test.rb:6
Run options: --seed 31252

# Running:

.

Finished in 0.027476s, 36.3952 runs/s, 36.3952 assertions/s.

1 runs, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips

test "should report error" do
  # some_undefined_variable在测试用例中没有定义
  some_undefined_variable
  assert true
end

$ bin/rails test test/models/article_test.rb
Run options: --seed 1808

# Running:

.E

Error:
ArticleTest#test_should_report_error:
NameError: undefined local variable or method 'some_undefined_variable' for #<ArticleTest:0x007fee3aa71798>
    test/models/article_test.rb:11:in 'block in <class:ArticleTest>'


bin/rails test test/models/article_test.rb:9



Finished in 0.040609s, 49.2500 runs/s, 24.6250 assertions/s.

2 runs, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 1 errors, 0 skips

test "should report error" do
  # some_undefined_variable在测试用例中没有定义
  assert_raises(NameError) do
    some_undefined_variable
  end
end

$ bin/rails test test/models/article_test.rb
Run options: --seed 1559

# Running:

..

Finished in 0.027034s, 73.9810 runs/s, 110.9715 assertions/s.

2 runs, 3 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips

$ bin/rails test test/models/article_test.rb -n test_the_truth
Run options: -n test_the_truth --seed 43583

# Running:

.

Finished tests in 0.009064s, 110.3266 tests/s, 110.3266 assertions/s.

1 tests, 1 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips

$ bin/rails test test/models/article_test.rb:6 # 运行特定的测试和行

$ bin/rails test test/controllers # 运行特定目录中的所有测试

$ bin/rails test -h
Usage: rails test [options] [files or directories]

You can run a single test by appending a line number to a filename:

    bin/rails test test/models/user_test.rb:27

You can run multiple files and directories at the same time:

    bin/rails test test/controllers test/integration/login_test.rb

By default test failures and errors are reported inline during a run.

minitest options:
    -h, --help                       Display this help.
        --no-plugins                 Bypass minitest plugin auto-loading (or set $MT_NO_PLUGINS).
    -s, --seed SEED                  Sets random seed. Also via env. Eg: SEED=n rake
    -v, --verbose                    Verbose. Show progress processing files.
    -n, --name PATTERN               Filter run on /regexp/ or string.
        --exclude PATTERN            Exclude /regexp/ or string from run.

Known extensions: rails, pride
    -w, --warnings                   Run with Ruby warnings enabled
    -e, --environment ENV            Run tests in the ENV environment
    -b, --backtrace                  Show the complete backtrace
    -d, --defer-output               Output test failures and errors after the test run
    -f, --fail-fast                  Abort test run on first failure or error
    -c, --[no-]color                 Enable color in the output
    -p, --pride                      Pride. Show your testing pride!

$ bin/rails test

class ActiveSupport::TestCase
  parallelize(workers: 2)
end

$ PARALLEL_WORKERS=15 bin/rails test

class ActiveSupport::TestCase
  parallelize_setup do |worker|
    # 设置数据库
  end

  parallelize_teardown do |worker|
    # 清理数据库
  end

  parallelize(workers: :number_of_processors)
end

class ActiveSupport::TestCase
  parallelize(workers: :number_of_processors, with: :threads)
end

$ PARALLEL_WORKERS=15 bin/rails test

class WorkerTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  self.use_transactional_tests = false

  test "parallel transactions" do
    # 启动一些创建事务的线程
  end
end

class ActiveSupport::TestCase
  parallelize threshold: 100
end

# 瞧！我是一个YAML注释！
david:
  name: David Heinemeier Hansson
  birthday: 1979-10-15
  profession: 系统开发

steve:
  name: Steve Ross Kellock
  birthday: 1974-09-27
  profession: 键盘上的家伙

# test/fixtures/categories.yml
about:
  name: 关于

# test/fixtures/articles.yml
first:
  title: 欢迎来到Rails！
  category: about

# test/fixtures/action_text/rich_texts.yml
first_content:
  record: first (Article)
  name: content
  body: <div>Hello, from <strong>a fixture</strong></div>

class Article
  has_one_attached :thumbnail
end

# test/fixtures/articles.yml
first:
  title: 一篇文章

# test/fixtures/active_storage/blobs.yml
first_thumbnail_blob: <%= ActiveStorage::FixtureSet.blob filename: "first.png" %>

# test/fixtures/active_storage/attachments.yml
first_thumbnail_attachment:
  name: thumbnail
  record: first (Article)
  blob: first_thumbnail_blob

<% 1000.times do |n| %>
user_<%= n %>:
  username: <%= "user#{n}" %>
  email: <%= "user#{n}@example.com" %>
<% end %>

# 这将返回名为david的fixture的User对象
users(:david)

# 这将返回名为david的fixture的id属性
users(:david).id

# 还可以访问User类上可用的方法
david = users(:david)
david.call(david.partner)

# 这将返回一个包含fixtures david和steve的数组
users(:david, :steve)

$ bin/rails generate test_unit:model article title:string body:text
create  test/models/article_test.rb
create  test/fixtures/articles.yml

$ bin/rails generate system_test users
      invoke test_unit
      create test/system/users_test.rb

require "application_system_test_case"

class UsersTest < ApplicationSystemTestCase
  # test "visiting the index" do
  #   visit users_url
  #
  #   assert_selector "h1", text: "Users"
  # end
end

require "test_helper"
require "capybara/cuprite"

class ApplicationSystemTestCase < ActionDispatch::SystemTestCase
  driven_by :cuprite
end

require "test_helper"

class ApplicationSystemTestCase < ActionDispatch::SystemTestCase
  driven_by :selenium, using: :headless_chrome
end

require "test_helper"

class ApplicationSystemTestCase < ActionDispatch::SystemTestCase
  options = ENV["SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL"].present? ? { url: ENV["SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL"] } : {}
  driven_by :selenium, using: :headless_chrome, options: options
end

# ...
group :test do
  gem "webdrivers", require: !ENV["SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL"] || ENV["SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL"].empty?
end

$ SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL=http://localhost:4444/wd/hub bin/rails test:system

require "test_helper"

class ApplicationSystemTestCase < ActionDispatch::SystemTestCase
  def setup
    Capybara.server_host = "0.0.0.0" # 绑定到所有接口
    Capybara.app_host = "http://#{IPSocket.getaddress(Socket.gethostname)}" if ENV["SELENIUM_REMOTE_URL"].present?
    super
  end
  # ...
end

$ bin/rails generate system_test articles

      invoke  test_unit
      create    test/system/articles_test.rb

require "application_system_test_case"

class ArticlesTest < ApplicationSystemTestCase
  test "viewing the index" do
    visit articles_path
    assert_selector "h1", text: "Articles"
  end
end

$ bin/rails test:system

test "should create Article" do
  visit articles_path

  click_on "New Article"

  fill_in "Title", with: "Creating an Article"
  fill_in "Body", with: "Created this article successfully!"

  click_on "Create Article"

  assert_text "Creating an Article"
end

require "mobile_system_test_case"

class PostsTest < MobileSystemTestCase
  test "访问首页" do
    visit posts_url
    assert_selector "h1", text: "Posts"
  end
end

$ bin/rails generate integration_test user_flows
      exists  test/integration/
      create  test/integration/user_flows_test.rb

require "test_helper"

class UserFlowsTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
  # test "the truth" do
  #   assert true
  # end
end

$ bin/rails generate integration_test blog_flow

      invoke  test_unit
      create    test/integration/blog_flow_test.rb

require "test_helper"

class BlogFlowTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
  test "可以看到欢迎页面" do
    get "/"
    assert_select "h1", "Welcome#index"
  end
end

test "可以创建一篇文章" do
  get "/articles/new"
  assert_response :success

  post "/articles",
    params: { article: { title: "可以创建", body: "成功创建文章。" } }
  assert_response :redirect
  follow_redirect!
  assert_response :success
  assert_select "p", "Title:\n  可以创建"
end

post "/articles",
  params: { article: { title: "可以创建", body: "成功创建文章。" } }
assert_response :redirect
follow_redirect!

$ bin/rails generate scaffold_controller article title:string body:text
...
create  app/controllers/articles_controller.rb
...
invoke  test_unit
create    test/controllers/articles_controller_test.rb
...

$ bin/rails generate test_unit:scaffold article
...
invoke  test_unit
create    test/controllers/articles_controller_test.rb
...

# articles_controller_test.rb
class ArticlesControllerTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
  test "should get index" do
    get articles_url
    assert_response :success
  end
end

get article_url(Article.first), headers: { "HTTP_REFERER" => "http://example.com/home" }

patch article_url(Article.last), params: { article: { title: "updated" } }, xhr: true

post articles_path, params: { article: { title: "Ahoy!" } }, as: :json

test "should create article" do
  assert_difference("Article.count") do
    post articles_url, params: { article: { body: "Rails is awesome!", title: "Hello Rails" } }
  end

  assert_redirected_to article_path(Article.last)
end

post articles_url, params: { article: { body: "Rails is awesome!", title: "Hello Rails" } }, headers: { Authorization: ActionController::HttpAuthentication::Basic.encode_credentials("dhh", "secret") }

test "ajax request" do
  article = articles(:one)
  get article_url(article), xhr: true

  assert_equal "hello world", @response.body
  assert_equal "text/javascript", @response.media_type
end

flash["gordon"]               flash[:gordon]
session["shmession"]          session[:shmession]
cookies["are_good_for_u"]     cookies[:are_good_for_u]

class ArticlesControllerTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
  test "should get index" do
    get articles_url

    assert_equal "index", @controller.action_name
    assert_equal "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", @request.media_type
    assert_match "Articles", @response.body
  end
end

# 设置HTTP头部
get articles_url, headers: { "Content-Type": "text/plain" } # 模拟带有自定义头部的请求

# 设置CGI变量
get articles_url, headers: { "HTTP_REFERER": "http://example.com/home" } # 模拟带有自定义环境变量的请求

test "should create article" do
  assert_difference("Article.count") do
    post articles_url, params: { article: { title: "Some title" } }
  end

  assert_redirected_to article_path(Article.last)
  assert_equal "Article was successfully created.", flash[:notice]
end

$ bin/rails test test/controllers/articles_controller_test.rb -n test_should_create_article
Run options: -n test_should_create_article --seed 32266

# Running:

F

Finished in 0.114870s, 8.7055 runs/s, 34.8220 assertions/s.

  1) Failure:
ArticlesControllerTest#test_should_create_article [/test/controllers/articles_controller_test.rb:16]:
--- expected
+++ actual
@@ -1 +1 @@
-"Article was successfully created."
+nil

1 runs, 4 assertions, 1 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips

def create
  @article = Article.new(article_params)

  if @article.save
    flash[:notice] = "Article was successfully created."
    redirect_to @article
  else
    render "new"
  end
end

$ bin/rails test test/controllers/articles_controller_test.rb -n test_should_create_article
Run options: -n test_should_create_article --seed 18981

# Running:

.

Finished in 0.081972s, 12.1993 runs/s, 48.7972 assertions/s.

1 runs, 4 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips

test "should show article" do
  article = articles(:one)
  get article_url(article)
  assert_response :success
end

test "should destroy article" do
  article = articles(:one)
  assert_difference("Article.count", -1) do
    delete article_url(article)
  end

  assert_redirected_to articles_path
end

test "should update article" do
  article = articles(:one)

  patch article_url(article), params: { article: { title: "updated" } }

  assert_redirected_to article_path(article)
  # 重新加载关联以获取更新的数据，并断言标题已更新。
  article.reload
  assert_equal "updated", article.title
end

assert_redirected_to articles_path

assert_redirected_to article_path(@article)
# 重新加载关联以获取更新的数据并断言标题已更新
@article.reload
assert_equal "updated", @article.title

# test/test_helper.rb

module SignInHelper
  def sign_in_as(user)
    post sign_in_url(email: user.email, password: user.password)
  end
end

class ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
  include SignInHelper
end

require "test_helper"

class ProfileControllerTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
  test "should show profile" do
    # 现在助手可以在任何控制器测试用例中重用
    sign_in_as users(:david)

    get profile_url
    assert_response :success
  end
end

# test/test_helpers/multiple_assertions.rb
module MultipleAssertions
  def assert_multiple_of_forty_two(number)
    assert (number % 42 == 0), "expected #{number} to be a multiple of 42"
  end
end

require "test_helper"
require "test_helpers/multiple_assertions"

class NumberTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  include MultipleAssertions

  test "420 is a multiple of forty two" do
    assert_multiple_of_forty_two 420
  end
end

# test/test_helper.rb
require "test_helpers/sign_in_helper"

class ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
  include SignInHelper
end

# test/test_helper.rb
Dir[Rails.root.join("test", "test_helpers", "**", "*.rb")].each { |file| require file }

assert_select "title", "Welcome to Rails Testing Guide"

assert_select "ul.navigation" do
  assert_select "li.menu_item"
end

assert_select "ol" do |elements|
  elements.each do |element|
    assert_select element, "li", 4
  end
end

assert_select "ol" do
  assert_select "li", 8
end

assert_select_email do
  assert_select "small", "Please click the 'Unsubscribe' link if you want to opt-out."
end

module UsersHelper
  def link_to_user(user)
    link_to "#{user.first_name} #{user.last_name}", user
  end
end

class UsersHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
  test "should return the user's full name" do
    user = users(:david)

    assert_dom_equal %{<a href="/user/#{user.id}">David Heinemeier Hansson</a>}, link_to_user(user)
  end
end

require "test_helper"

class UserMailerTest < ActionMailer::TestCase
  test "invite" do
    # 创建电子邮件并将其存储以进行进一步的断言
    email = UserMailer.create_invite("[email protected]",
                                     "[email protected]", Time.now)

    # 发送电子邮件，然后测试它是否已排队
    assert_emails 1 do
      email.deliver_now
    end

    # 测试发送的电子邮件的正文是否包含我们期望的内容
    assert_equal ["[email protected]"], email.from
    assert_equal ["[email protected]"], email.to
    assert_equal "You have been invited by [email protected]", email.subject
    assert_equal read_fixture("invite").join, email.body.to_s
  end
end

Hi [email protected],

You have been invited.

Cheers!

require "test_helper"

class UserMailerTest < ActionMailer::TestCase
  test "invite" do
    # 创建邮件并存储以进行进一步的断言
    email = UserMailer.create_invite("[email protected]", "[email protected]")

    # 测试邮件是否已使用正确的参数入队
    assert_enqueued_email_with UserMailer, :create_invite, args: ["[email protected]", "[email protected]"] do
      email.deliver_later
    end
  end
end

require "test_helper"

class UserMailerTest < ActionMailer::TestCase
  test "invite" do
    # 创建邮件并存储以进行进一步的断言
    email = UserMailer.create_invite(from: "[email protected]", to: "[email protected]")

    # 测试邮件是否已使用正确的命名参数入队
    assert_enqueued_email_with UserMailer, :create_invite, args: [{ from: "[email protected]",
                                                                    to: "[email protected]" }] do
      email.deliver_later
    end
  end
end

require "test_helper"

class UserMailerTest < ActionMailer::TestCase
  test "invite" do
    # 创建邮件并存储以进行进一步的断言
    email = UserMailer.with(all: "good").create_invite("[email protected]", "[email protected]")

    # 测试邮件是否已使用正确的邮件参数和参数入队
    assert_enqueued_email_with UserMailer, :create_invite, params: { all: "good" },
                                                           args: ["[email protected]", "[email protected]"] do
      email.deliver_later
    end
  end
end

require "test_helper"

class UserMailerTest < ActionMailer::TestCase
  test "invite" do
    # 创建邮件并存储以进行进一步的断言
    email = UserMailer.with(to: "[email protected]").create_invite

    # 测试邮件是否已使用正确的邮件参数入队
    assert_enqueued_email_with UserMailer.with(to: "[email protected]"), :create_invite do
      email.deliver_later
    end
  end
end

# 集成测试
require "test_helper"

class UsersControllerTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
  test "invite friend" do
    # 断言ActionMailer::Base.deliveries的差异
    assert_emails 1 do
      post invite_friend_url, params: { email: "[email protected]" }
    end
  end
end

# 系统测试
require "test_helper"

class UsersTest < ActionDispatch::SystemTestCase
  driven_by :selenium, using: :headless_chrome

  test "inviting a friend" do
    visit invite_users_url
    fill_in "Email", with: "[email protected]"
    assert_emails 1 do
      click_on "Invite"
    end
  end
end

require "test_helper"

class BillingJobTest < ActiveJob::TestCase
  test "账户已收费" do
    BillingJob.perform_now(account, product)
    assert account.reload.charged_for?(product)
  end
end

require "test_helper"

class ProductTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  include ActiveJob::TestHelper

  test "计费作业调度" do
    assert_enqueued_with(job: BillingJob) do
      product.charge(account)
    end
    assert_not account.reload.charged_for?(product)
  end
end

require "test_helper"

class ProductTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  include ActiveJob::TestHelper

  test "计费作业调度" do
    perform_enqueued_jobs(only: BillingJob) do
      product.charge(account)
    end
    assert account.reload.charged_for?(product)
  end
end

class ApplicationCable::ConnectionTest < ActionCable::Connection::TestCase
  test "带参数连接" do
    # 通过调用`connect`方法模拟连接打开
    connect params: { user_id: 42 }

    # 您可以通过测试中的`connection`访问Connection对象
    assert_equal connection.user_id, "42"
  end

  test "拒绝没有参数的连接" do
    # 使用`assert_reject_connection`匹配器来验证连接是否被拒绝
    assert_reject_connection { connect }
  end
end

test "带cookie连接" do
  cookies.signed[:user_id] = "42"

  connect

  assert_equal connection.user_id, "42"
end

require "test_helper"

class ChatChannelTest < ActionCable::Channel::TestCase
  test "订阅并为房间流" do
    # 通过调用`subscribe`模拟订阅创建
    subscribe room: "15"

    # 您可以通过测试中的`subscription`访问Channel对象
    assert subscription.confirmed?
    assert_has_stream "chat_15"
  end
end

require "test_helper"

class WebNotificationsChannelTest < ActionCable::Channel::TestCase
  test "订阅并为用户流" do
    stub_connection current_user: users(:john)

    subscribe

    assert_has_stream_for users(:john)
  end
end

# app/jobs/chat_relay_job.rb
class ChatRelayJob < ApplicationJob
  def perform(room, message)
    ChatChannel.broadcast_to room, text: message
  end
end

# test/jobs/chat_relay_job_test.rb
require "test_helper"

class ChatRelayJobTest < ActiveJob::TestCase
  include ActionCable::TestHelper

  test "向房间广播消息" do
    room = rooms(:all)

    assert_broadcast_on(ChatChannel.broadcasting_for(room), text: "Hi!") do
      ChatRelayJob.perform_now(room, "Hi!")
    end
  end
end

# config/environments/test.rb
config.eager_load = ENV["CI"].present?

require "test_helper"

class ZeitwerkComplianceTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  test "急加载所有文件时不会出错" do
    assert_nothing_raised { Rails.application.eager_load! }
  end
end

require "rails_helper"

RSpec.describe "Zeitwerk compliance" do
  it "急加载所有文件时不会出错" do
    expect { Rails.application.eager_load! }.not_to raise_error
  end
end

# 假设用户在注册后一个月有资格赠送。
user = User.create(name: "Gaurish", activation_date: Date.new(2004, 10, 24))
assert_not user.applicable_for_gifting?

travel_to Date.new(2004, 11, 24) do
  # 在`travel_to`块内，`Date.current`被存根
  assert_equal Date.new(2004, 10, 24), user.activation_date
  assert user.applicable_for_gifting?
end

# 更改只在`travel_to`块内可见。
assert_equal Date.new(2004, 10, 24), user.activation_date